Claire Neal Geography 4078

Exercise 4      The first UNDP Equator Prize winner that I chose was the BIO-KG Federation. This project works on transitioning the agriculture of the rural and mountain communities of Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan to organic-only in a "landscape-level" approach. This process uses a bottom-up approach to target "districts" decided on by communities, and it focuses on revitalizing depleted soils and eliminating chemical fertilizer. The community organization utilizes traditional farming methods in the region and saving seeds that are usable for various climactic conditions. According to the project information, "ten organic aimaks have been created, six of which are led by women."      This project is postmodern due to its bottom-up approach, which utilizes the community of the region to better their own lands as opposed to modern organizations going in and directing the projects. The bottom-up approach focuses on what the lands already provide, as well as what the c...

     In the 1940s, philanthropists began funding crop breeding programs, which resulted in several High Yielding Varieties (HYV) of staple crops. This "Green Revolution" resulted in a relative decrease of world hunger. The main variable that modernization theorists did not conceptualize was the decreased gap between exponential population growth and linear food production capabilities. This claim was made by Conditions of Agricultural Growth, a book written during the Green Revolution that countered Malthusian Theory.      The Malthusian Theory claims that exponential population growth will outpace the linear growth of food production. In this theory, it is accepted that population will grow to a point that the rate of food production cannot sustain, and the population will need to decline (people die) to a rate that will work with the available food production. This cycle continues endlessly.      Because Malthus made this theory during the ...

     The map below illustrates the linkages between development and global environmental change by showing the rate at which development increases and changes the landscape of the area. In a survey area of 1,002 square miles, the first stage of development measured was in 1997. In this initial stage of development within the survey area, only 14.4 square miles had been developed. Ten years later, 146 square miles had been developed. Only 10 years after, in 2017, 288 square miles had been developed. The initial size of 14.4 square miles had exponentially increased over a course of only 20 years.      Rostow's model focuses on the rate of economic development over time, and is characterized by 5 distinct stages. The first stage is traditional society, the second stage is the transitional stage, where an economy is beginning to grow, the third is the "takeoff", the fourth is the "drive to maturity," and the fifth is characterized by high mass economic consumpt...

  This post is about HDI and learning more about it by working directly with real data. https://www.google.com/maps/d/edit?mid=16A2s4_7-LL99Tdxtyws2OBxkEMVV4a2g&usp=sharing      As defined in class development is "the improvement of social and environmental well-being." I have concluded that this means that the measure of development is uniquely measured in each country.       The goals of development should include improvement of healthcare improvement of education overall quality of life infrastructure cheap and accessible essential goods, such as gas and food security housing self worth     Through further analysis of the maps and relevant materials, it is evident that the countries that improved within the time frame between the two years have a higher HDI. This translates to development goals such as improvement of infrastructure, quality of life, etc. In the countries that show a decline in HDI, current events translate to...